TY - JOUR T1 - An interferon signature identified by RNA-sequencing of mammary tissues varies across the estrous cycle and is predictive of metastasis-free survival. JF - Oncotarget Y1 - 2014 A1 - A Snijders A1 - Langley, Sasha A1 - Jiang-Hua Mao A1 - Bhatnagar, Sandhya A1 - Bjornstad, Kathleen A A1 - Rosen, Chris J A1 - Lo, Alvin A1 - Huang, Yurong A1 - Blakely, Eleanor A A1 - Karpen, Gary H A1 - Bissell, Mina J A1 - Wyrobek, Andrew J KW - Animals KW - Disease-Free Survival KW - Estrous Cycle KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Interferons KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Neoplasm Metastasis KW - RNA, Messenger AB -

The concept that a breast cancer patient's menstrual stage at the time of tumor surgery influences risk of metastases remains controversial. The scarcity of comprehensive molecular studies of menstrual stage-dependent fluctuations in the breast provides little insight in this observation. To gain a deeper understanding of the biological changes in mammary tissue and blood during the menstrual cycle and to determine the influence of environmental exposures, such as low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR), we used the mouse to characterize estrous-cycle variations in mammary gene transcripts by RNA-sequencing, peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts and plasma cytokine levels. We identified an estrous-variable and hormone-dependent gene cluster enriched for Type-1 interferon genes. Cox regression identified a 117-gene signature of interferon-associated genes, which correlated with lower frequencies of metastasis in breast cancer patients. LDIR (10cGy) exposure had no detectable effect on mammary transcripts. However, peripheral WBC counts varied across the estrous cycle and LDIR exposure reduced lymphocyte counts and cytokine levels in tumor-susceptible mice. Our finding of variations in mammary Type-1 interferon and immune functions across the estrous cycle provides a mechanism by which timing of breast tumor surgery during the menstrual cycle may have clinical relevance to a patient's risk for distant metastases.

VL - 5 IS - 12 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994117?dopt=Abstract ER -